anatomical reference Adaptations of Aquatic Mammals
JOY S. REIDENBERG* core for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Department of Medical Education, Mount Sinai prepare of Medicine, New York, New York
ABSTRACT This special douse of the Anatomical Record explores many of the anatomical adaptations exhibited by aquatic mammals that alter life in the water. Anatomical observations on a carry of fossil and living marine and freshwater mammals are presented, including sirenians (manatees and dugongs), cetaceouss (both baleen whales and toothed whales, including dolphins and porpoises), pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses), the sea otter, and the pygmy hippopotamus. A cooking stove of anatomical systems are covered in this issue, including the external defecate (integument, tail shape), nervous system (eye, ear, brain), musculoskeletal systems (cranium, mandible, hyoid, vertebral column, ?ipper/forelimb), digestive tract (teeth/tusks/baleen, tongue, stomach), and respiratory tract (larynx). Emphasis is placed on exploring anatomical operate on in the context of aquatic life. The interest topics are addressed: evolution, sound production, sound reception, feeding, locomotion, buoyancy control, thermoregulation, cognition, and behavior.
A variety of approaches and techniques are used to examine and characterize these adaptations, ranging from dissection, to histology, to negatron microscopy, to two-dimensional (2D) and 3D computerized tomography, to experimental ?eld tests of function. The articles in this issue are a blend of literature review and new, hypothesis-driven anatomical research, which highlight the special nature of anatomical form and function in aquatic mammals that enables their exquisite adaptation for life in such a challenging environment. Ã" 2007
Wiley-Liss, Inc. Anat Rec, 290:507513, 2007.
Ã" 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Key words: aquatic; adaptation; anatomy; marine mammal; sirenian; cetacean; pinniped; evolution...If you want to get a full essay, direct it on our website: Orderessay
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